How do I choose an affiliate advertiser for a blog?

Let's say, for example, that I really like the Samsung's $249 Chromebook. I write an honest review for it on a blog I have, and I provide a link to purchase the Chromebook for my readers whom I persuade.

In this scenario, it *feels* like I should be able to get money when the people I send to the link go through with their purchases. After all, I basically sold it to them.

So, is there any way that I could profit by writing this post about a Chromebook? If so, how? If not, how does affiliate advertising work?

I don't intend on doing this because I don't have a large enough audience for this to be practical, I just want information on the idea for now.

Thank you.

Yea that the basic scheme, comparison articles are popular as well. The FTC says you need a disclaimer saying you may earn a commission. You probably wont find affiliate links for that specific product. Amazon is good for offering multiple options, low 4% to 8% commission but a high converting site.
To look like an authority and to get better search ranking, stick to a product theme like portable computing, mix the content, not just computers.